Abrasive instruments 

Abrasive instruments (grinding wheels and grinding heads) consist of the abrasive granules, tied by any bond. In general they are made of the artifical and sometimes of the natural abrasive materials, mainly by mass s forming consisting of grinding granules and bunch with following thermal and mechanical processing of intermediate product. Abrasive instruments are also made by hot forming, casting and extrusion.

General types of the grinding wheels (GOST 2424- 83) and fields of use are given in the table.

Abrasive instrument	Designation	Field of uses
Plain grinding wheels	Type 1 (ПП)	External clypeate grinding, internal grinding, surface grinding with the periphery of a straight wheel, rough grinding; cleanup work
Grinding wheels tapered on both sides	Type 4 (2П)	Carving grinding, gear teeth grinding, shaving cutter and shaping cutter grinding, gear cutting tool grinding
Grinding wheels tapered on one side	Type3 (ЗП)	Saw filing
Recessed grinding wheels	Type 5 (ПВ)	Clypeate internal grinding; bolster and butt grinding
Grinding wheels recessed on both sides	Type 7 (ПВД)	Clypeate internal grinding; centerless grinding (control wheels)
Female cone recessed grinding wheels	Type 23 (ПВК)	Clypeate grinding of bolster and butt
Grinding wheels female cone recessed on both sides	Type 26 (ПВДК)	Clypeate external grinding with simultaneous facing
Ring grinding wheels	Type 2 (К)	Surface grinding with the lace of a cup wheel
Straight-cup grinding wheels	Type 6 (ЧЦ)	Cutter grinding of edge tool; surface grinding with the lace of a cup wheel
Taper cup grinding wheels	Type 11 (ЧК)	Cutter grinding of edge tool; surface grinding with the lace of a cup wheel; slideway grinding of machine bed
Dish grinding wheels	Type 12, 13, 14 (Т, 2Т, 1Т)	Cutter grinding and debugging of multiblade edge tool; grinding of gear teeth and gear cutting tool

The types of the grinding heads (GOST 2447-82) and their field of use are given in the plate.

Abrasive instrument	Designation (outdated)	Field of uses
Cylinder grinding heads	AW (ГЦ)	Treating of formed surfaces of press-tool die; casting fettling, weld assembly dressing; internal grinding
Angled grinding heads	DW (ГУ)	Treating of formed surfaces of press-tool die; casting fettling, weld assembly dressing
Tapered grinding heads	EW (ГК)	Treating of formed surfaces of press-tool die; casting fettling, weld assembly dressing and F-center dressing
Dome shaped grinding heads	F-1W (ГСВ)	Treating of formed surfaces of press-tool die; casting fettling, weld assembly dressing
Tapered grinding heads with rounded tip	KW (ГКЗ)
Spherical grinding heads	F-2W (ГШ)
Cylinder grinding heads with spherical tip	FW (ГШЦ)

It is necessary to know the grinding conditions: machine, regime of it s working, sort of the processing material, processing allowance, necessary granularity, sort and character of the supply, lubricant cooling, the way and the instrument for the straightening of a grinding wheel, etc. Only then the right chouse and the rational using are possible Except of fit and shape of grinding instrument, type and granularity, hardness, number of the structure and type of bond determine its working properties. All these parameters definite the characteristic of the grinding instruments, that s why their observance in the producing is one of the most important securing s conditions of the level and stability of the cutting properties of the grinding instruments at the customer s factory.

The right choice of the characteristic of the abrasive instruments for the special conditions of the abrasive processing is very important.